Evaluating Efficiency and Adherence in Asian Lung Cancer Screening: Comparing Self-paid and Clinical Study Approaches in Taiwan.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to assess how different screening methods, specifically self-paid screening versus participation in clinical studies, affect screening efficiency and adherence in a real-world Asian lung cancer screening population.

Materials And Methods: This study collected 4166 participants from our hospital imaging database who underwent baseline low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) between January 2014 and August 2021. Adherence status was determined by counting CT scans, with one check indicating non-adherence and two or more checks indicating adherence. The primary objective was to investigate adherence to LDCT follow-up schedules among individuals with baseline pure ground-glass nodules (GGNs) based on different screening settings and to evaluate adherence status and CT follow-up clinical profiles.

Results: Of the 4166 participants in the study, 3619 in the self-paid group and 547 in the clinical study group were men, with an average follow-up period of 4.5 years. Significant differences were observed in the proportions of Lung-RADS 4 lesions, subsolid nodules, and pure GGN lesions between the self-paid and clinical trial groups. A significant difference was found in adherence rates between the self-paid screening group (60.5%) and the clinical study group (84.8%) (p < 0.001). Adherence status rates significantly increased with larger GGN sizes across categories (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that age (odds ratio [OR], 1.025; p = 0.012), smoking habits (OR, 1.744; p = 0.036), and clinical study screening type (OR, 3.097; p < 0.001) significantly influenced the adherence status.

Conclusion: The disparities in Asian lung cancer screening emphasize the need for increased efficacy, public awareness, and culturally sensitive approaches to mitigate overdiagnosis and enhance adherence among self-paying groups.