AI Article Synopsis
- - PD-L1 is essential for cancer cells to evade the immune system, making it a key target for cancer treatments known as immunotherapies.
- - The review examines how PD-L1 levels are controlled by the processes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, which involve specific enzymes that either tag PD-L1 for degradation or stabilize it.
- - By understanding these regulatory mechanisms, the review suggests potential new strategies to improve the effectiveness of therapies that target the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in cancer treatment.
Article Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a pivotal role in cancer immune evasion and is a critical target for cancer immunotherapy. This review focuses on the regulation of PD-L1 through the dynamic processes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, which are crucial for its stability and function. Here, we explored the intricate mechanisms involving various E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that modulate PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Specific ligases are discussed in detail, highlighting their roles in tagging PD-L1 for degradation. Furthermore, we discuss the actions of DUBs that stabilize PD-L1 by removing ubiquitin chains. The interplay of these enzymes not only dictates PD-L1 levels but also influences cancer progression and patient response to immunotherapies. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting these regulatory pathways and propose novel strategies to enhance the efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1-based therapies. Our review underscores the complexity of PD-L1 regulation and its significant impact on the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy outcomes.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10932311 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052939 | DOI Listing |
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