Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Published: February 2024
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Ependymomas are rare brain tumors that can occur in both children and adults. Subdivided by the tumors' initial location, ependymomas develop in the central nervous system in the supratentorial or infratentorial/posterior fossa region, or the spinal cord. Supratentorial ependymomas (ST-EPNs) are predominantly characterized by common driver gene fusions such as and fusions. Some variants of ST-EPNs carry a high overall survival rate. In poorly responding ST-EPN variants, high levels of inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, limited therapeutic strategies, and tumor recurrence are among the reasons for poor patient outcomes with other ST-EPN subtypes. Thus, modeling these molecular profiles is key in further studying tumorigenesis. Due to the scarcity of patient samples, the development of preclinical and models that recapitulate patient tumors is imperative when testing therapeutic approaches for this rare cancer. In this review, we will survey ST-EPN modeling systems, addressing the strengths and limitations, application for therapeutic targeting, and current literature findings.
To manage risks and mitigate the transmission of infectious diseases, individuals often adopt strategies aimed at reducing interpersonal contact by implementing precautionary measures within their daily routines. These behavioral adjustments reduce the disease transmission rates. In this study, we present a novel mathematical model delineating diseases induced by carriers, incorporating multifaceted factors, such as psychological fear, media impact, and sanitation interventions.
Adaptive dynamical networks are ubiquitous in real-world systems. This paper aims to explore the synchronization dynamics in networks of adaptive oscillators based on a paradigmatic system of adaptively coupled phase oscillators. Our numerical observations reveal the emergence of synchronization cluster bursting, characterized by periodic transitions between cluster synchronization and global synchronization.
This study expands traditional reaction-diffusion models by incorporating hyperbolic dynamics to explore the effects of inertial delays on pattern formation. The kinetic system considers a harvested predator-prey model where predator and prey populations gather in herds. Diffusion and inertial effects are subsequently introduced.
Glutamate (Glu) is a crucial excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that transmits brain information by activating excitatory receptors on neuronal membranes. Physiological studies have demonstrated that abnormal Glu metabolism in astrocytes is closely related to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The astrocyte metabolism processes mainly involve the Glu uptake through astrocyte EAAT2, the Glu-glutamine (Gln) conversion, and the Glu release.
AbstractInducible defenses can affect the persistence, structure, and stability of consumer-resource systems. Theory shows that these effects depend on characteristics of the inducible defense, including timing, costs, efficacy, and sensitivity to consumer density. However, the expression and costs of inducible defenses often vary among life stages, which has not been captured in previous unstructured models.
