It is now generally accepted that macromolecules do not act in isolation but "live" in a crowded environment, that is, an environment populated by numerous different molecules. The field of molecular crowding has its origins in the far 80s but became accepted only by the end of the 90s. In the present issue, we discuss various aspects that are influenced by crowding and need to consider its effects. This Review is meant as an introduction to the theme and an analysis of the evolution of the crowding concept through time from colloidal and polymer physics to a more biological perspective. We introduce themes that will be more thoroughly treated in other Reviews of the present issue. In our intentions, each Review may stand by itself, but the complete collection has the aspiration to provide different but complementary perspectives to propose a more holistic view of molecular crowding.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00615 | DOI Listing |
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
The 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) fluorescent dye is widely used in protein folding studies due to the significant increase in its fluorescence quantum yield upon binding to protein hydrophobic regions that become accessible during protein unfolding. However, when modeling cellular macromolecular crowding conditions in protein folding experiments in vitro using crowding agents with guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) as the denaturant, the observed changes in ANS spectral characteristics require careful consideration. This study demonstrates that crowding agents can form clusters that interact differently with ANS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Living systems cannot rely on random intermolecular approaches toward cell crowding, and hidden mechanisms must be present to favor only those molecular interactions required explicitly by the biological function. Electromagnetic messaging among proteins is proposed from the observation that charged amino acids located on the protein surface are mostly in adjacent sequence positions and/or in spatial proximity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to predict electric charge proximities arising from concerted motions of charged amino acid side chains in two protein model systems, human ubiquitin and the chitinolytic enzyme from .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
December 2024
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
A coarse-grained model of a two-dimensional colloidal suspension was designed. The model was athermal and, in addition, a lattice approximation was introduced. It consisted of solvent (monomer) molecules, dimer molecules, and immobile impenetrable obstacles that introduced additional heterogeneity into the system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med
January 2025
PreHospen-Centre for Prehospital Research, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
Introduction: Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for contacting the emergency medical services (EMS). It is difficult for EMS personnel to distinguish between patients suffering from a high-risk condition in need of prompt hospital care and patients suitable for non-conveyance. A vast majority of patients with chest pain are therefore transported to the emergency department (ED) for further investigation even if hospital care is not necessary.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Peking University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, 292 Chengfu Road, 100871, Beijing, CHINA.
Metal carbides with earth-abundant elements are widely regarded as promising alternatives of noble metal catalysts. Although comparable catalytic performances have been observed for metal carbides in several types of reactions, precise control of reaction pathways on them remains a formidable challenge, partially due to strong adsorption of reactants or intermediates. In this study, we show that bimolecular dehydrogenation of methanol to methyl formate and H2 is kinetically favored on bare α-MoC catalysts, while monomolecular dehydrogenation to CO and H2 becomes the dominant pathway when α-MoC is decorated with crowding atomic Ni species.
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