Excitation energy transfer and vibronic relaxation through light-harvesting dendrimer building blocks: A nonadiabatic perspective.

The light-harvesting excitonic properties of poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) extended dendrimers (tree-like π-conjugated macromolecules) involve a directional cascade of local excitation energy transfer (EET) processes occurring from the "leaves" (shortest branches) to the "trunk" (longest branch), which can be viewed from a vibronic perspective as a sequence of internal conversions occurring among a connected graph of nonadiabatically coupled locally excited electronic states via conical intersections. The smallest PPE building block that is able to exhibit EET, the asymmetrically meta-substituted PPE oligomer with one acetylenic bond on one side and two parallel ones on the other side (hence, 2-ring and 3-ring para-substituted pseudo-fragments), is a prototype and the focus of the present work. From linear-response time-dependent density functional theory electronic-structure calculations of the molecule as regards its first two nonadiabatically coupled, optically active, singlet excited states, we built a (1 + 2)-state-8-dimensional vibronic-coupling Hamiltonian model for running subsequent multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree wavepacket relaxations and propagations, yielding both steady-state absorption and emission spectra as well as real-time dynamics. The EET process from the shortest branch to the longest one occurs quite efficiently (about 80% quantum yield) within the first 25 fs after light excitation and is mediated vibrationally through acetylenic and quinoidal bond-stretching modes together with a particular role given to the central-ring anti-quinoidal rock-bending mode. Electronic and vibrational energy relaxations, together with redistributions of quantum populations and coherences, are interpreted herein through the lens of a nonadiabatic perspective, showing some interesting segregation among the foremost photoactive degrees of freedom as regards spectroscopy and reactivity.