Species limits in the genus are poorly understood, despite the plants' long history of use in traditional herbal medicine and food across their range. Here we present a taxonomic account for the genus in Iraq, where several taxa have been reported, most of them doubtfully. Using herbarium specimens, images of living material, and taxonomic literature, we found evidence of only one species occurring with certainty in Iraq: . We found no evidence for the occurrence of other species in Iraq, including a putative new entity reported for the region. Our work highlights inconsistencies in the literature, and underscores the importance of examining multiple stable characters for delimiting species in the genus .
The gut microbiota (GM) can affect the immune system, which can lead to a variety of diseases, as confirmed by many studies. However, the exact mechanism by which GM affects kidney stone incidence through the immune system remains unclear. This study used a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by inverse variance weighting (IVW) method as well as Bayesian weighting (BWMR) to find out how the gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines contribute to kidney stones, followed by a mediated MR analysis to exploreHow inflammatory cytokines are involved in the connection with the gut microbiota and kidney stones.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Freshwater ecosystem is a significant natural source of CH emission in the atmosphere. To fully understand the dynamics of methane emissions in reservoirs, it is essential to grasp the temporal and vertical distribution patterns, as well as the factors that influence the methanogenic bacterial communities within the sediments. This study investigates the methane dynamics, carbon isotope fractionation (δCH), and abundance of functional microorganisms along the geochemical gradient in the in situ sedimentary column of Hongfeng Reservoir (China).
Recently, attention has been shifting toward the perspective of the existence of plants and microbes as a functioning ecological unit. However, studies highlighting the impacts of the microbial community on plant health are still limited. In this study, fungal community (mycobiome) of leaf, root, and soil of symptomatic leaf-spot diseased (SS) oil palm were compared against asymptomatic (AS) trees using ITS2 rRNA gene metabarcoding.
Human nutrition represents a dynamic interplay between biological evolution and cultural development, profoundly shaping dietary practices and health outcomes. This paper traces the dietary evolution of the genus Homo, from practices like foraging, scavenging, hunting, and gathering to the Neolithic transition towards agropastoral subsistence. These changes influenced human biology, evident in genetic adaptations such as lactase persistence and amylase gene copy variation, and reshaped societal structures and population dynamics.
The genus Artemisia is one of the most abundant groups of medicinal plants in the Asteraceae family. Based on the theoretical basis of the pharmacophylogeny, the phylogenetic analysis, association analysis and other methods were used to systematically sort out the genetic relationships, properties, tastes, chemical constituents, and traditional efficacy of Mongolian medicines of genus Artemisia(MMA). The correlation and regularity were discussed.
