Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of and extracts on staphylococcal mastitis animal model.

Inappropriate and prolonged administration of antibiotics in mastitis could cause resistance and herbal treatment might could be one alternative treatment. , and are medicinal plants that contain various active compounds, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents, but their potential in treating mastitis is minimum. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of those plants against mastitis in rabbit model induced by . A total of 25 lactating rabbits () weighing 3.0±0.4 kg were grouped into five groups: healthy control; mastitis control, and three treatment groups (, and ). Except the negative control, all animals were inoculated with 0.15 mL of containing 1.5x10 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL on eight days after giving birth. The extract was administered orally after four hours inoculation at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, twice a day for five consecutive days. The number of bacteria in the milk and the level of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured and histopathological examination of mammary gland tissues were analyzed. The log number of total plate count of indicated that all extract groups had significant lower of bacterial logs compared to mastitis control (all comparisons had <0.05) with the lowest was found in group, followed by and groups. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that all ethanolic extract groups had significantly lower levels of IL-6 compared to the mastitis control (all comparisons had <0.05). The histopathology assessment suggested that extract groups had lower infiltration of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages in alveoli compared to the mastitis control group. In conclusion, all three extracts contained antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities and had the most effective in reducing bacterial growth and IL-6 level compared to others.