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Distribution of exchangeable Ca during the process of Larix decidua Mill. pollination and germination. | LitMetric

Distribution of exchangeable Ca during the process of Larix decidua Mill. pollination and germination.

Sci Rep

Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.

Published: March 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study investigates the role of calcium (Ca) ions in the sexual processes of the gymnosperm Larix decidua, using specific staining methods to trace their distribution during the development of the male gametophyte.
  • The results indicate that Ca ions are vital for the germination of pollen and the growth of pollen tubes, aiding in adhesion and movement towards the ovule.
  • Additionally, localized Ca ion concentrations may help regulate pollen tube growth, impacting the fertilization process by preventing growth and causing rupture at specific sites.

Article Abstract

The involvement of Ca ions in angiosperms sexual processes is well established, while in gymnosperms, such knowledge remains limited and is still a topic of discussion. In this study, we focused on Larix decidua, using Alizarin-red S staining and the pyroantimonate method to examine the tissue and subcellular distribution of free and loosely bound Ca ions at different stages of the male gametophyte's development and its interaction with the ovule. Our findings show that in larch, both the germination of pollen grains and the growth of pollen tubes occur in an environment rich in Ca. These ions play a crucial role in the adhesion of the pollen grain to the stigmatic tip and its subsequent movement to the micropylar canal. There is a significant presence of free and loosely bound Ca ions in both the fluid of the micropylar canal and the extracellular matrix of the nucellus. As the pollen tube extends through the nucellus, we observed a notable accumulation of Ca ions just above the entry to the mature archegonium, a region likely crucial for the male gametophyte's directional growth. Meanwhile, the localized presence of free and loosely bound Ca ions within the egg cell cytoplasm may inhibit the pollen tubes growth and rupture, playing an important role in fertilization.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10920793PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54903-2DOI Listing

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