Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The involvement of Ca ions in angiosperms sexual processes is well established, while in gymnosperms, such knowledge remains limited and is still a topic of discussion. In this study, we focused on Larix decidua, using Alizarin-red S staining and the pyroantimonate method to examine the tissue and subcellular distribution of free and loosely bound Ca ions at different stages of the male gametophyte's development and its interaction with the ovule. Our findings show that in larch, both the germination of pollen grains and the growth of pollen tubes occur in an environment rich in Ca. These ions play a crucial role in the adhesion of the pollen grain to the stigmatic tip and its subsequent movement to the micropylar canal. There is a significant presence of free and loosely bound Ca ions in both the fluid of the micropylar canal and the extracellular matrix of the nucellus. As the pollen tube extends through the nucellus, we observed a notable accumulation of Ca ions just above the entry to the mature archegonium, a region likely crucial for the male gametophyte's directional growth. Meanwhile, the localized presence of free and loosely bound Ca ions within the egg cell cytoplasm may inhibit the pollen tubes growth and rupture, playing an important role in fertilization.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10920793 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54903-2 | DOI Listing |
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