Discovery, Structure-Based Modification, , , and Exploration of -Sulfamoyl Benzoamide Derivatives as Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Treating Alzheimer's Disease.

For the potential therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) has gradually gained worldwide interest in the progression of AD. This study used a pharmacophore-based virtual screening (VS) approach to identify as a new BChE inhibitor. Aiding by molecular docking and molecular dynamics, essential binding information was disclosed. Specifically, a subpocket was found and structure-guided design of a series of novel compounds was conducted. Derivatives were evaluated for cholinesterase inhibition and physicochemical properties (BBB, log , and solubility). The investigation involved docking, molecular dynamics, enzyme kinetics, and surface plasmon resonance as well. The study highlighted compounds (BChE IC = 0.078 ± 0.03 μM) and ()- (BChE IC = 0.005 ± 0.001 μM) as the top-ranked BChE inhibitors. These compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity and no apparent cytotoxicity against the human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and mouse microglia (BV2) cell lines. The most active compounds exhibited the ability to improve cognition in both scopolamine- and Aβ peptide-induced cognitive deficit models. They can be promising lead compounds with potential implications for treating the late stage of AD.