Perinatal Outcomes of Late Preterm Rupture of Membranes with or without Latency Antibiotics.

Objective:  This study aimed to examine whether the addition of latency antibiotics in late preterm rupture of membranes (ROM) decreases neonatal infection and increases latency.

Study Design:  This retrospective two-center study was conducted at Holy Family Hospital (HFH) in Nazareth and Emek Medical Center (EMC) in Afula, on data collected between January 2017 and April 2023. HFH is the smaller institution. EMC and HFH implement similar policies regarding ROM at 34 to 36 weeks' gestation; the only difference is that a 10-day course of latency antibiotics is implemented at EMC. All women with ROM between 34 and 36 weeks' gestation who were admitted to one of the centers during the study period, and had a live fetus without major malformations, were included. The primary outcome was neonatal sepsis rate. Secondary outcomes included a composite of neonatal sepsis, mechanical ventilation ≥24 hours, and perinatal death. Additionally, gestational age at delivery and delivery mode were examined.

Results:  Overall, 721 neonates were delivered during the study period: 534 at EMC (where latency antibiotics were administered) and 187 at HFH. The gestational age at ROM was similar (35.8 and 35.9 weeks, respectively,  = 0.14). Neonatal sepsis occurred in six (1.1%) neonates at EMC and one (0.5%) neonate at HFH (adjusted  = 0.71; OR: 1.69; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.11-27.14). The composite secondary outcome occurred in nine (1.7%) and three (1.6%) neonates at EMC and HFH, respectively (adjusted  = 0.71; OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.14-3.83). The gestational age at delivery was 36.1 and 36.2 weeks at EMC and HFH, respectively (mean difference: 5 h; adjusted  = 0.02). The cesarean delivery rate was 24.7% and 19.3% at EMC and HFH, respectively (adjusted  = 0.96).

Conclusion:  Latency antibiotics administered to women admitted with ROM between 34 and 36 weeks' gestation did not decrease the rate of neonatal sepsis.

Key Points: · Latency antibiotics in late preterm ROM does not decrease neonatal sepsis.. · Latency antibiotics in late preterm ROM does not prolong gestational age at delivery.. · Latency antibiotics in late preterm ROM does not affect the mode of delivery..