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Bronchiectasis-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome (BCOS) is a complex pulmonary condition that merges bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), presenting unique clinical challenges. Patients with BCOS typically exhibit a range of symptoms from both conditions, including a chronic productive cough, reduced lung function, frequent exacerbations, and diminished exercise tolerance. The etiology of BCOS involves multiple factors such as genetic predisposition, respiratory infections, tobacco smoke, air pollutants, and other inflammatory mediators.

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Background: Considering the large population of bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in China, we aimed to conduct a thorough analysis that investigates the clinical characteristics and prognosis of bronchiectasis-COPD overlap syndrome (BCOS). Further, we aimed to explore factors associated with acute exacerbation and death in BCOS, which may be of value in its early diagnosis and intervention.

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