AI Article Synopsis
- This study investigates differences in biomarker levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of premenopausal versus postmenopausal women receiving orthodontic treatment.
- After a thorough search across multiple databases, three relevant studies were identified, focusing on levels of biomarkers such as RANKL, OPN, and IL-17A.
- Results indicated some differences in biomarker levels between the groups, but the limited number of studies and variability in findings call for more in-depth research to validate these conclusions.
Article Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to verify whether there is a difference in biomarker levels in the gingival crevicular fluid between premenopausal and postmenopausal women undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Methods: As eligibility criteria, prospective or retrospective observational studies evaluating women undergoing orthodontic treatment (P), comparing postmenopausal (E) and premenopausal (C) women, and analyzing differences in gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers (O) were included. An electronic search was conducted in seven databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCO: Dentistry & Oral Science) and one grey literature source (Google Scholar). All databases were searched from September 2022 to March 2023. After duplicate exclusion and data extraction, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was applied to assess the quality and risk of bias, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to verify the certainty of evidence.
Results: Three case-control studies that analyzed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‑B ligand (RANKL), osteopontin (OPN), and interleukin (IL)-17A levels were included. One study reported a significant difference for RANKL and another for OPN levels. A third study reported that there was a higher expression of IL17‑A in the postmenopausal group. However, the small number of articles limits our systematic review. The heterogeneity and imprecision in the study results cast doubt on the findings' internal validity.
Conclusion: The studies reported alterations in biomarker levels but differed in their conclusions. Therefore, further studies must include other types of bone and inflammatory biomarkers in female patients who are pre- or postmenopausal and undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Registration: The review was registered at the Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Q9YZ8 ).
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