A multicenter registry study on percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation for pediatric disorders of gut-brain interaction.

Objectives: Percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) has demonstrated promise in single-center trials for pediatric abdominal pain-related disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Our aim was to explore efficacy of PENFS as standard therapy for DGBI in a registry involving multiple pediatric gastroenterology referral centers.

Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective open-label registry of children (8-18 years) undergoing PENFS for DGBI at seven tertiary care gastroenterology clinics. DGBI subtypes were classified by Rome IV criteria. Parents and patients completed Abdominal Pain Index (API), Nausea Severity Scale (NSS), and Functional Disability Inventory (FDI) questionnaires before, during therapy and at follow-up visits up to 1 year later.

Results: A total of 292 subjects were included. Majority (74%) were female with median (interquartile range [IQR]) age 16.3 (14.0, 17.7) years. Most (68%) met criteria for functional dyspepsia and 61% had failed ≥4 pharmacologic therapies. API, NSS, and FDI scores showed significant declines within 3 weeks of therapy, persisting long-term in a subset. Baseline (n = 288) median (IQR) child-reported API scores decreased from 2.68 (1.84, 3.58) to 1.99 (1.13, 3.27) at 3 weeks (p < 0.001) and 1.81 (0.85, 3.20) at 3 months (n = 75; p < 0.001). NSS scores similarly improved from baseline, persisting at three (n = 74; p < 0.001) and 6 months later (n = 55; p < 0.001). FDI scores displayed similar reductions at 3 months (n = 76; p = 0.01) but not beyond. Parent-reported scores were consistent with child reports.

Conclusions: This large, comprehensive, multicenter registry highlights efficacy of PENFS for gastrointestinal symptoms and functionality for pediatric DGBI.