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Neural Encoding of Direction and Distance across Reference Frames in Visually Guided Reaching.
eNeuro
December 2024
Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
Goal-directed actions require transforming sensory information into motor plans defined across multiple parameters and reference frames. Substantial evidence supports the encoding of target direction in gaze- and body-centered coordinates within parietal and premotor regions. However, how the brain encodes the equally critical parameter of target distance remains less understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmotional and behavioral problems accelerate hypothalamic development from childhood to adolescence: Findings from a longitudinal cohort study.
J Affect Disord
February 2025
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the hypothalamus's development during childhood and adolescence and how emotional and behavioral issues can affect this process, addressing gaps in current understanding.
- Researchers analyzed data from 702 children, using MRI scans and behavioral assessments to identify how different regions of the hypothalamus grow and change over time.
- Results show that while some regions decline in volume, others increase, and emotional problems can speed up certain growth patterns, suggesting a connection between mental health and hypothalamic development.
Discrimination Exposure, Neural Reactivity to Stress, and Psychological Distress.
Am J Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (Grey, Purcell, Buford, Mrug, Knight); Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA (Schuster); RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA (Elliott); UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston (Emery).
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers used functional MRI to analyze brain responses in 301 participants while measuring their past discrimination experiences from ages 11 to 19 and current psychological symptoms like depression and anxiety.
- * Findings indicate that brain activity in specific areas (like the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) related to stress response was influenced by the amount and pattern of discrimination experienced, suggesting that such exposure can alter emotional regulation and increase vulnerability to mental health issues.
Randomised controlled trial comparing different intersession intervals of intermittent theta burst delivered to the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex.
BMJ Ment Health
October 2024
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Background: Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) that can be administered in a fraction of the time of standard rTMS. Applying multiple daily iTBS sessions (ie, accelerated iTBS) may enable patients to achieve remission more rapidly. However, questions remain regarding the optimal time interval between treatment sessions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential impact of optogenetic stimulation of direct and indirect pathways from dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum on motor symptoms in Huntington's disease mice.
Exp Neurol
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the role of specific striatal circuits in motor control and behavior in both healthy and Huntington's Disease (HD) mice, focusing on the direct and indirect pathways from the dorsolateral (DLS) and dorsomedial striatum (DMS).
- Optogenetic stimulation of these pathways in wild type mice showed slight improvements in locomotion and motor learning but did not affect exploratory behavior.
- In contrast, the same stimulation in HD mice did not produce any behavioral changes, suggesting that targeting cortico-striatal circuits may be a more effective approach for treating motor symptoms in HD rather than focusing solely on striatal output pathways.
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