Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, with an estimated prevalence in adulthood of 2.5-3.4%. The Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) is an 18-item self-administered scale that assesses attention deficit and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms of ADHD in adults. This study aims to validate the ADHD-RS in Spanish according to the diagnostic criteria established by the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
Materials And Methods: A sample of 441 adult patients (mean age 33.34±11.37 years) was included, 396 subjects were diagnosed with ADHD (mean age 33.17±11.18 years), and 45 were controls (mean age 35.40±12.33 years). The clinical diagnosis of ADHD was established according to the DSM-5 criteria. The ADHD-RS was subsequently administered to all participants. A logistic regression study evaluated the model in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure was performed to assess the adequacy of the data set, and to determine whether factor analysis was applicable, Bartlett's sphericity test was performed. Principal component analysis was used, using the Varimax orthogonal rotation method, which minimizes the number of variables with high loads on each factor, obtaining two factors and thus, simplifying their interpretation.
Results: The cut-off point that best discriminates the combined presentation of ADHD was 24 points, with a sensitivity of 94.78%, a specificity of 84.79%, a PPV (positive predictive value) of 93.74%, and an NPV (negative predictive value) of 78.33, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85, and a kappa coefficient of 0.86. Regarding inattentive ADHD, the cut-off point that best discriminates was 21 points, with a sensitivity of 92.56%, a specificity of 76.26%, a PPV of 92.01%, an NPV of 78.33%, an AUC of 0.90, and a kappa coefficient of 0.87. Different cut-off values in the two subgroups suggests that a differentiated cut-off point for the inattentive and combined presentations may be an adequate assessment strategy for ADHD in adulthood.
Conclusions: The Spanish version of the ADHD-RS is a valid instrument to evaluate ADHD in adults according to the diagnostic criteria established by the DSM-5. Differentiated cut-off points for the inattentive and combined presentations discriminate more accurately than a single cut-off point.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.06.002 | DOI Listing |
Rheumatol Immunol Res
December 2024
Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom Egypt.
Background And Objectives: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorders of undetermined cause. Uveitis is one of the commonest and most dangerous extra-articular manifestations of JIA and RA presenting chronic anterior uveitis with non-specific biomarkers for its early detection. We evaluated the role of serum 14-3-3 Eta protein to assess its potential role as a novel biomarker for the early detection of uveitis in Egyptian JIA and RA patients as well as its correlation with disease activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Crit Care Med
January 2025
Department of Anaesthesiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Background: To evaluate the role of ultrasound (US) in the assessment of the airway and to determine whether US has the potential to serve as effective, noninvasive and less time-consuming method for the diagnosis of difficult intubation in ICU patients.
Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried in 152 critically ill patients who underwent intubation in the ICU from December 2022 to April 2024. Prior to intubation thyromental height (TMH) and hyomental distance ratio (HMD-R) was measured using a scale and distance from skin to hyoid bone (SHB) and distance from skin to thyrohyoid membrane (STM) was measured using a US.
Sleep Biol Rhythms
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-Ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan.
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of daytime sleepiness (DS) and its impact on quality of life (QOL) in outpatients with schizophrenia in the maintenance phase, as well as to identify the factors associated with DS. A total of 191 outpatients with schizophrenia completed a self-administered questionnaire including questions on lifestyle, sleep habits, DS, QOL, and sleep disorders. Insomnia, DS, and QOL were evaluated by the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the MOS 8-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8), respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Radiol
December 2024
Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Background: Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) can present as a mild disease to life-threatening infection. A recent surge in cases was seen due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many patients require surgical debridement and hence imaging [contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the paranasal sinuses (PNS)] to document the extent of the disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
January 2025
Interdisciplinary Center for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Public Health (IZPH), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Introduction: Dementia is one of the most relevant widespread diseases, with a prevalence of currently 55 million people with dementia worldwide. However, about 60-75% of people with dementia have not yet received a formal diagnosis. Asymptomatic screening of cognitive impairments using neuropsychiatric tests has been proven to efficiently enhance diagnosis rates.
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