This review comprehensively explores pediatric capnography, a vital tool in contemporary respiratory monitoring. The overview encompasses the foundational principles of capnography, elucidating its real-time measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) in respiratory gases. The review emphasizes its paramount role in pediatric care and underscores capnography's significance in detecting respiratory abnormalities and guiding timely interventions. The distinctions between mainstream and sidestream capnography, the key to understanding their applications, are meticulously outlined. Addressing the importance of ongoing research and education, the review advocates for a dynamic approach to refine guidelines and optimize capnography utilization in pediatric settings. The conclusion reflects on the scope and limitations of pediatric capnography, acknowledging its transformative impact while advocating for a judicious recognition of constraints. As we navigate the future of pediatric respiratory care, the synergy of research, education, and clinical application emerges as the cornerstone for advancing pediatric capnography to new horizons.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.53289 | DOI Listing |
Sleep Med
December 2024
Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Istanbul, Turkey.
Purpose: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive condition characterized by muscle degeneration and weakness, significantly affecting respiratory function. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children with DMD and investigate the relationships between sleep and respiratory function using spirometry, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), and polysomnography (PSG) along with capnography.
Research Question: Can low SNIP be a guide for detecting respiratory muscle involvement early and determining the right time to perform early PSG and capnography in DMD?
Study Design: Prospective, observational, cross-sectional study.
Sci Rep
October 2024
Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, 9 Korányi Fasor, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
Capnography, routinely used in operating rooms and intensive care units, reveals essential information on lung ventilation and ventilation-perfusion matching. Mainstream capnography directly measures CO in the breathing circuit for accurate analysis and is considered a reference technique. Sidestream capnography, however, analyzes gas away from the patient leading to potentially less accurate measures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
September 2024
Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Insititute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Over the past three decades, a variety of non-invasive hemodynamic devices have been developed. However, none of the existing methods, such as transthoracic echocardiography, esophageal Doppler ultrasound, plethysmography, thoracic impedancemetry, or sublingual capnography, fully embody the ideal characteristics of reliability, reproducibility, rapid response, ease of use, comprehensive safety, affordability, and continuous monitoring capacity. Among these, echocardiography stands out as a particularly effective approach, meeting many of these criteria due to its widespread availability, relative ease of use, and critical role in detecting anatomical abnormalities and basic changes in myocardial function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pediatr
August 2024
Departamento de investigación CINEUMO, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and gas exchange disorders are common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Currently, the impact of the disease on sleep patterns in patients living at high altitude and the relationship of these patterns to lung function are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of SDB in children with CF aged 6-18 years and the relationship between SDB and lung function (FEV1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Neurol
September 2024
Pediatric Pulmonology & Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Background: Rett syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder associated to several comorbidities that contribute significantly to impair lung function. Respiratory morbidity represents a major cause of death in this population. Little is known about the benefit of noninvasive ventilation.
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