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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_1062_23 | DOI Listing |
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Physical violence and its associations: Insights from nationally representative data in India.
Womens Health (Lond)
January 2025
Global Health, and Department Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Empowerment is crucial for women in India, yet patriarchal norms limit their autonomy, leading to heightened domestic violence and health issues.
- The study aims to explore how different dimensions of women's empowerment relate to their attitudes toward justifying physical violence in certain situations, suggesting that increased empowerment may reduce acceptance of such violence.
- Data was analyzed from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021), revealing low employment rates among women, high asset ownership, and significant instances of justified physical violence, indicating a complex relationship between empowerment and domestic abuse.
Perceptions of sexual assault perpetrators, victims, and event depend on system justification beliefs and perpetrator atonement.
PLoS One
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, United States of America.
When accused of wrongdoing, a sexual assault perpetrator may express atonement, i.e., he may acknowledge harm done, take responsibility, and make amends.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPriors and decision thresholds in phase 2 and phase 3 randomized controlled trials evaluating drug efficacy using Bayesian methods: a systematic review.
J Clin Epidemiol
December 2024
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CIC 1406, 38000, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, HP2, U1300, 38000, Grenoble, France; Réseau RECaP (Recherche en épidémiologie clinique et en santé publique), F-CRIN. Electronic address:
Objective: To describe the priors and decision thresholds in phase 2 and 3 RCTs evaluating drug efficacy using Bayesian methods.
Study Design And Setting: A systematic review of phase 2 and 3 RCTs evaluating drug efficacy through Bayesian inference was conducted across the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, with no date restrictions until September 2022. The type of prior used for the analysis of the primary endpoint and its characteristics (type and parameters of the distribution, justification, sensitivity analysis), the use of a posterior probability decision threshold defined a priori, and its value, were extracted.
Flying Blind: How Thorough are IRBs when Assessing Scientific Value?
J Gen Intern Med
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, General Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, USA.
Background: Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in the United States play a crucial role in ensuring the ethical conduct of clinical trials, including assessing the scientific merit of studies to justify the risks to participants. However, prior research suggests that many IRBs do not systematically evaluate scientific merit, raising concerns about the approval of low-quality trials.
Objective: To investigate whether IRBs provide adequate guidance on assessing scientific merit in their Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and other relevant materials.
Challenges and Supports for Implementing Health Equity During National Accreditation Among Small Local Health Departments in the United States.
J Public Health Manag Pract
December 2024
Author Affiliations: Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Crenshaw and Allen); School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (Fifolt and Erwin); Public Health Accreditation Board, Alexandria, Virginia (Lang and Belflower Thomas); and Prevention Research Center, Brown School; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center and Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Brownson).
Objective: This article focuses on supports and challenges to health equity that small local health departments (LHDs) experienced while working toward national reaccreditation or Pathways Recognition with the Public Health Accreditation Board's Standards & Measures Version 2022 (PHAB S&M v2022).
Design: The study team conducted 22 qualitative interview sessions with members of health department leadership teams.
Setting: In the spring of 2024, participants from 4 small LHDs in the western and midwestern regions of the United States participated in individual remote interview sessions.
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