AI Article Synopsis
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are brain conditions that share some similarities but also have their own unique traits; researchers wanted to see how the thickness of certain brain areas compares between kids with these conditions and those without them.
- They looked at many studies and found that kids with ASD had thicker brain areas in some parts and thinner in others, while kids with ADHD had thinner areas in specific parts of the brain.
- The study found that both conditions have a common area in the brain that is thinner, which might explain some similar challenges they face, but there are also differences that could relate to how they process movement and control their behavior.
Article Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping behavioral features and genetic etiology. While brain cortical thickness (CTh) alterations have been reported in ASD and ADHD separately, the degree to which ASD and ADHD are associated with common and distinct patterns of CTh changes is unclear.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct from inception to 8 December 2023 and included studies of cortical thickness comparing youth (age less than 18) with ASD or ADHD with typically developing controls (TDC). We conducted a comparative meta-analysis of vertex-based studies to identify common and distinct CTh alterations in ASD and ADHD.
Results: Twelve ASD datasets involving 458 individuals with ASD and 10 ADHD datasets involving 383 individuals with ADHD were included in the analysis. Compared to TDC, ASD showed increased CTh in bilateral superior frontal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and right superior parietal lobule (SPL) and decreased CTh in right temporoparietal junction (TPJ). ADHD showed decreased CTh in bilateral precentral gyri, right postcentral gyrus, and right TPJ relative to TDC. Conjunction analysis showed both disorders shared reduced TPJ CTh located in default mode network (DMN). Comparative analyses indicated ASD had greater CTh in right SPL and TPJ located in dorsal attention network and thinner CTh in right TPJ located in ventral attention network than ADHD.
Conclusions: These results suggest shared thinner TPJ located in DMN is an overlapping neurobiological feature of ASD and ADHD. This alteration together with SPL alterations might be related to altered biological motion processing in ASD, while abnormalities in sensorimotor systems may contribute to behavioral control problems in ADHD. The disorder-specific thinner TPJ located in disparate attention networks provides novel insight into distinct symptoms of attentional deficits associated with the two neurodevelopmental disorders.
Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022370620. Registered on November 9, 2022.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10910790 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03313-2 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Connective Tissue-Related Symptoms: An Exploratory Case-Control Study in Children.
Children (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy.
: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Tourette syndrome (TS) are neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) with overlapping symptoms, suggesting a partially shared genetic origin. This study investigates the prevalence of connective tissue-related conditions in individuals with ASD, ADHD, or TS. : A questionnaire was administered to families of 120 individuals with ASD, ADHD, or TS, collecting sociodemographic data and examining 10 types of disorders affecting various organs and systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring Narrative Ability in Greek-Speaking Children with High-Functioning ASD: Associations with Memory and Attention.
Brain Sci
January 2025
Department of Child Psychiatry, Agia Sophia Children's Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athina, Greece.
: Narration is a sensitive tool for the assessment of language in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) since mild language deficits beyond the sentential level are not always noticeable through the administration of standardized language tests targeting the lexical or sentential level. This study investigated the narrative ability of monolingual Greek-speaking HF-ASD children in comparison to that of their typically developing (TD) peers and explored the associations between narrative variables, ADHD symptomatology, and memory skills in the participants on the autistic spectrum. : The participants were 39 children aged 7 to 12 years, 19 with HF-ASD and 20 age-matched, vocabulary-matched, and cognitively matched TD peers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpectral Analysis of Light-Adapted Electroretinograms in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Classification with Machine Learning.
Bioengineering (Basel)
December 2024
Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Electroretinograms (ERGs) show differences between typically developing populations and those with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In a series of ERGs collected in ASD ( = 77), ADHD ( = 43), ASD + ADHD ( = 21), and control ( = 137) groups, this analysis explores the use of machine learning and feature selection techniques to improve the classification between these clinically defined groups. Standard time domain and signal analysis features were evaluated in different machine learning models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCausal associations between iron levels in subcortical brain regions and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study.
Transl Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Despite observational studies linking brain iron levels to psychiatric disorders, the exact causal relationship remains poorly understood. This study aims to examine the relationship between iron levels in specific subcortical brain regions and the risk of psychiatric disorders. Utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, this study investigates the causal associations between iron level changes in 16 subcortical nuclei and eight major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and insomnia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!