Background: In recent years, natural bone extracellular matrix (ECM)-inspired materials have found widespread application as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. However, the challenge of creating scaffolds that mimic natural bone ECM's mechanical strength and hierarchical nano-micro-macro structures remains. The purposes of this study were to introduce an innovative bone ECM-inspired scaffold that integrates a 3D-printed framework with hydroxyapatite (HAp) mineralized graphene oxide-collagen (GO-Col) microscaffolds and find its application in the repair of mandibular bone defects.
Methods: Initially, a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold was designed with cubic disks and square pores to mimic the macrostructure of bone ECM. Subsequently, we developed multi-layer mineralized GO-Col-HAp microscaffolds (MLM GCH) to simulate natural bone ECM's nano- and microstructural features. Systematic in vitro and in vivo experiments were introduced to evaluate the ECM-inspired structure of the scaffold and to explore its effect on cell proliferation and its ability to repair rat bone defects.
Results: The resultant MLM GCH/PCL composite scaffolds exhibited robust mechanical strength and ample assembly space. Moreover, the ECM-inspired MLM GCH microscaffolds displayed favorable attributes such as water absorption and retention and demonstrated promising cell adsorption, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The MLM GCH/PCL composite scaffolds exhibited successful bone regeneration within mandibular bone defects in vivo.
Conclusions: This study presents a well-conceived strategy for fabricating ECM-inspired scaffolds by integrating 3D-printed PCL frameworks with multilayer mineralized porous microscaffolds, enhancing cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and bone regeneration. This construction approach holds the potential for extension to various other biomaterial types.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10908055 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05020-1 | DOI Listing |
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