We study the impact of nematic alignment on scalar active matter in the disordered phase. We show that nematic torques control the emergent physics of particles interacting via pairwise forces and can either induce or prevent phase separation. The underlying mechanism is a fluctuation-induced renormalization of the mass of the polar field that generically arises from nematic torques. The correlations between the fluctuations of the polar and nematic fields indeed conspire to increase the particle persistence length, contrary to what phenomenological computations predict. This effect is generic and our theory also quantitatively accounts for how nematic torques enhance particle accumulation along confining boundaries and opposes demixing in mixtures of active and passive particles.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.078301 | DOI Listing |
Soft Matter
September 2024
School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
Rheo-dielectric studies of soft materials provide important information on the dynamic structure and electric polarization. We study the dielectric dispersion of a nematic liquid crystal by applying a high AC probe field without a DC bias and a low AC probe field with a high DC bias under steady rotational shear. The dielectric anisotropy of the nematic is positive and the applied electric field is parallel to the velocity gradient with a magnitude larger than the Freedericksz threshold field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoft Matter
September 2024
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
From incompressible flows to electrostatics, harmonic functions can provide solutions to many two-dimensional problems and, similarly, the director field of a planar nematic can be determined using complex analysis. We derive a closed-form solution for a quasi-steady state director field induced by an arbitrarily large set of point defects and circular inclusions with or without fixed rotational degrees of freedom, and compute the forces and torques acting on each defect or inclusion. We show that a complete solution must include two types of singularities, generating a defect winding number and its spiral texture, which have a direct effect on defect equilibrium textures and their dynamics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Nano Mater
May 2024
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.
Surface-bound molecular motors can drive the collective motion of cytoskeletal filaments in the form of nematic bands and polar flocks in reconstituted gliding assays. Although these "swarming transitions" are an emergent property of active filament collisions, they can be controlled and guided by tuning the surface chemistry or topography of the substrate. To date, the impact of surface topography on collective motion in active nematics is only partially understood, with most experimental studies focusing on the escape of a single filament from etched channels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
April 2024
Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
The stick-slip phenomenon widely exists in contact mechanics, from the macroscale to the nanoscale. During cholesteric-nematic unwinding by external fields, there is controversy regarding the role of planar surface anchoring, which may induce discontinuous stick-slip behaviors despite the well-known continuous transitions observed in past experiments. Here we observe three regimes, namely, constrained, stick-slip, and sliding-slip, under mechanical winding with different anchoring conditions, and measure the corresponding forces by the surface force balance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
February 2024
Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France.
We study the impact of nematic alignment on scalar active matter in the disordered phase. We show that nematic torques control the emergent physics of particles interacting via pairwise forces and can either induce or prevent phase separation. The underlying mechanism is a fluctuation-induced renormalization of the mass of the polar field that generically arises from nematic torques.
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