Multinary metal chalcogenides hold considerable promise for high-energy potassium storage due to their numerous redox reactions. However, challenges arise from issues such as volume expansion and sluggish kinetics. Here, a design featuring a layered ternary BiSbTe anchored on graphene layers as a composite anode, where Bi atoms act as a lattice softening agent on Sb, is presented. Benefiting from the lattice arrangement in BiSbTe and structure, BiSbTe/graphene exhibits a mitigated expansion of 28% during the potassiation/depotassiation process and demonstrates facile K ion transfer kinetics, enabling long-term durability of 500 cycles at various high rates. Operando synchrotron diffraction patterns and spectroscopies including in situ Raman, ex situ adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron reveal multiple conversion and alloying/dealloying reactions for potassium storage at the atomic level. In addition, both theoretical calculations and electrochemical examinations elucidate the K migration pathways and indicate a reduction in energy barriers within BiSbTe/graphene, thereby suggesting enhanced diffusion kinetics for K. These findings provide insight in the design of durable high-energy multinary tellurides for potassium storage.
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