A [2+3] chiral covalent organic cage is produced through a dynamic covalent chemistry approach by mixing two readily available building units, viz. an enantiopure 3,3'-diformyl 2,2'-BINOL compound (A) with a triamino spacer (B). The two enantiomeric (R,R,R) and (S,S,S) forms of the cage C are formed nearly quantitatively thanks to the reversibility of the imine linkage. The X-ray diffraction analysis of cage (S,S,S)-C highlights that the six OH functions of the BINOL fragments are positioned inside the cage cavity. Upon reduction of the imine bonds of cage C, the amine cage D is obtained. The ability of the cage D to host the 1-phenylethylammonium cation (EH) as a guest is evaluated through UV, CD and DOSY NMR studies. A higher binding constant for (R)-EH cation (Ka=1.7 10±10 % M) related to (S)-EH (Ka=0.9 10±10 % M) is determined in the presence of the (R,R,R)-D cage. This enantiopreference is in close agreement with molecular dynamics simulation.
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PeerJ
January 2025
Medical section, Jiang Ling County People's Hospital, Hubei, Jiangling County, Jingzhou City, China.
Background: This study investigates the protective properties of melatonin in an Parkinson's disease (PD) model, focusing on the underlying mechanisms involving heat shock proteins (HSPs).
Methods: Twelve adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (normal control, melatonin control, Parkinson's model, and melatonin treatment; = 3 per group) and housed in a single cage. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was injected intraperitoneally in the Parkinson's model and treatment groups to establish a subacute PD model, while controls received saline.
Adv Mater
January 2025
College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
A strong n-type perovskite layer is crucial in achieving high open-circuit voltage (V) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the p-i-n solar cells, as the weak n-type perovskites result in a loss of V, and the p-type perovskites contain numerous electron traps that cause the severe carrier recombination. Here, three types of perylene diimide (PDI) based small molecule dopants with different dimensions, including 1D-PDI, 2D-PDI, and 3D-PDI are designed, to produce heavier n-type perovskites. The PDI-based molecules with Selenium atoms have a strong electron-donating ability, effectively enlarging the quasi-Fermi level splitting within the perovskites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlobal Spine J
January 2025
Research & Development, Endospine SLU, Andorra la Vella, Andorra.
Study Design: Exploratory prospective observational case-control study.
Objectives: Aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiologic outcome, as well as peri-operative complications, of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and full-endoscopic/percutaneous trans-Kambin transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (pTLIF) with a large-footprint interbody cage.
Methods: Patients that underwent elective ALIF and pTLIF with a large-footprint interbody cage were prospectively evaluated.
Alcohol
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President Street, Drug Discovery Building, Charleston, SC 29425. Electronic address:
Although men have historically exhibited higher levels of alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis, the gap between men and women has been diminishing quickly. Preclinical screening for pharmacological treatments for AUD has typically focused solely on males, ignoring the possibility that males and females may differ mechanistically for the same behavioral phenotype. To ensure the efficacy of treatment targets across the sexes, it is crucial to study the pharmacological effects of AUD treatments in males and females.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
Social behavior is affected by social structure type, but how neural function changes with social type remains unclear. We investigated whether social group size affects social behaviors based on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) systems. Four-week-old male mice were housed under different social group sizes: one, two, four, and eight mice per cage (1mpc, 2mpc, 4mpc, 8mpc, respectively).
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