Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was founded on the core belief that natural history is one of slow, incremental change, a concept he called "speciation." A hundred years later Eldredge and Gould challenged Darwin's theory, arguing that the data of paleontology reveals something quite different: long periods of stasis followed by bursts of change, a concept they called "punctuated equilibria." This article will follow that progression and then describe the three punctuated equilibria that I believe led to . I argue that two of the three transitions are revealed in the hard data of the fossil record. The third is in the soft tissue of the brain. This third punctuated equilibrium placed outside of evolution. Its arrival, 50,000 years ago, marked the beginning of the end of evolution.
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