The development of carbon quantum dots (C-QDs) as nanotrackers to understand drug-pathogen interactions, virulence and multidrug resistance. Microwave synthesis of C-QDs was performed using citric acid and polyethylene glycol. Further, toxicity was evaluated and imaging applications were demonstrated in isolates. Well-dispersed, ultra small C-QDs exhibited no cyto/microbial/reactive oxygen species-mediated toxicity and internalized effectively in yeast and hyphal cells. C-QDs were employed for confocal imaging of drug-sensitive and -resistant cells, and a study of the yeast-to-hyphal transition using atomic force microscopy in was conducted for the first time. These biocompatible C-QDs have promising potential as next-generation nanotrackers for and targeted cellular and live imaging, after functionalization with biomolecules and drugs.
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