Novel diagnostic biomarkers related to necroptosis and immune infiltration landscape in acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can occur suddenly, which may induce deadly outcomes, and the population suffering from AMI presents a younger trend. Necroptosis, the new cell necrosis type, is associated with the pathogenic mechanisms of diverse cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Its diagnostic value and molecular mechanisms in AMI are still unclear. Objective: This study focused on determining key necroptosis-related genes as well as immune infiltration in AMI.

Methods: We first examined the GSE66360 dataset for identifying necroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (NRDEGs). Thereafter, GO and functional annotation were performed, then a PPI network was built. In addition, "CIBERSORT" in R was applied in comparing different immune infiltration degrees in AMI compared with control groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate whether hub NRDEGs could be used in AMI diagnosis. Associations of immune cells with candidate NRDEGs biomarkers were examined by Spearman analysis. Finally, hub NRDEGs were validated by cell qPCR assays and another two datasets.

Results: A total of 15 NRDEGs were identified and multiple enrichment terms associated with necroptosis were discovered through GO and KEGG analysis. Upon module analysis, 10 hub NRDEGs were filtered out, and the top six hub NRDEGs were identified after ROC analysis. These top six NRDEGs might have a certain effect on modulating immune infiltrating cells, especially for mast cells activated, NK cells activated and neutrophils. Finally, two AMI datasets and qPCR assay came to identical findings.

Conclusion: Our results offer the reliable molecular biomarkers and new perspectives for necroptosis in AMI, which lay a certain foundation for developing novel anti-AMI therapeutic targets.