Amphibious plants can grow and survive in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. This review explores the diverse adaptations that enable them to thrive in such contrasting habitats. Plants with amphibious lifestyles possess fascinating traits, and their phenotypic plasticity plays an important role in adaptations. Heterophylly, the ability to produce different leaf forms, is one such trait, with submerged leaves generally being longer, narrower, and thinner than aerial leaves. In addition to drastic changes in leaf contours, amphibious plants display significant anatomical and physiological changes, including a reduction in stomatal number and cuticle thickness and changes in photosynthesis mode. This review summarizes and compares the regulatory mechanisms and evolutionary origins of amphibious plants based on molecular biology studies actively conducted in recent years using novel model amphibious plant species. Studying amphibious plants will enhance our understanding of plant adaptations to aquatic environments.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-062923-024919 | DOI Listing |
Plant Dis
December 2024
Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi province and Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang, 332900, Jiangxi, China;, Jiujiang, China;
Aeschynomene indica is a semiaquatic legume that can be used as field green manure, forage grass, and medicinal plant (Zhang et al., 2019). It is also an "amphibious" plant commonly used as a wetland park green plant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
December 2024
Laboratório de Ecologia de Produtores Primários (ECOPRO), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Aquatic macrophytes encompass a highly diverse group of plants with different strategies, niche requirements, and dispersion capacities. Therefore, macrophyte life forms can respond distinctly to environmental factors. We analyzed whether emergent/amphibious, floating-leaves/rooted submerged, and free-floating/free-submerged macrophytes respond differently to local, spatial, and land use variables in ponds and streams of the Amazon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Integr Plant Biol
November 2024
CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, IRD, INP Toulouse, UMR 5300 CRBE (Centre de Recherche sur la biodiversité et l'Environnement), Toulouse, 31062, France.
Sci Rep
November 2024
National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
Rotala rotundifolia is an amphibious aquatic plant that can live in submerged and emergent forms. It is superior in nitrogen and phosphorus removal and has been used as a traditional medicine in China for over a hundred years. In this study, the bioactive constituents from different tissues of submerged and emergent R.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
October 2024
Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Plants play a vital role in mitigating aerosol particles and improving air quality. This study investigated the composition characteristics and potential effects of particles retained on the leaf surfaces of two amphibious plants (i.e.
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