Unique Bilaterally Symmetrical Multifocal Osteomyelitis Presentation in a Health-care Worker with Sickle Cell Disease Secondary to Klebsiella Infection - A Case Report.

Introduction: Osteomyelitis is one of the most common infectious complications in people with sickle cell disease (SCD). The most common infecting organisms in SCD are the Salmonella species and Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacteroides species have also been described, however, osteomyelitis attributable to infection with hypervirulent Klebsiella spp. is a rare entity. We describe our experience with a rare presentation of multifocal bilateral symmetrical ulna and fibula osteomyelitis in a patient with SCD due to Klebsiella bacteremia with 1-year follow-up.

Case Report: A 25-year-old female known SCD since childhood who underwent treatment for dengue at our hospital had her blood cultures positive for Klebsiella, following which she was treated with appropriate antibiotics. Two weeks following the asymptomatic period patient presented with complaints of pain over the bilateral forearm and legs. The patient was evaluated for laboratory parameters and plain radiograph of the bilateral forearm and bilateral legs. The radiological features were suggestive of osteomyelitis, showing "Bilaterally symmetrical involvement." Laboratory parameters erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were found raised. The patient was planned for biopsy and debridement of the lesion from the right ulna. The culture from the biopsy showed growth of Klebsiella sp. and was sensitive to co-trimoxazole. The patient was started on co-trimoxazole for 6 weeks and had a significant clinical improvement in the form of subsidence of pain, normalization of the blood counts along with the acute phase reactants (ESR, CRP).

Conclusion: Our case contributes to the growing awareness of the unusual manifestations of this serious disease and the rarity of bilateral symmetrical involvement. Our case highlights the importance of clinician awareness, manifestations, and management of Klebsiella sp. hypervirulent strains.