Twist-1 Stimulates the Malignant Behaviors of Hydatidiform Mole via the PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Background: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a common pregnancy disease among women of gestational age. Twist-related protein 1 (Twist-1) is involved in the development of various tumors, but its role in HM is poorly defined. This study aimed to explore Twist-1 expression and its biological function in HM cells.

Methods: Twist-1 expression in HM was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects of silencing Twist-1 on choriocarcinoma (CCA) cell proliferation were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clone formation assays. CCA cell migration and invasion were detected through transwell assay. Western blot was used to detect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway-related proteins.

Results: Twist-1 expression was upregulated in HM tissues ( < 0.001) and CCA cells ( < 0.01). Twist-1 silencing inhibited proliferation of BeWo and JAR cells ( < 0.01, < 0.05) as shown by CCK-8 assay ( < 0.01) and clone formation assays ( < 0.01, < 0.05). Twist-1 silencing inhibited the migration ( < 0.01) and invasion activity ( < 0.01, < 0.05) of BeWo and JAR cells. Western blot results showed that Twist-1 silencing promoted E-cadherin ( < 0.01) expression, and inhibited N-cadherin ( < 0.01, < 0.05) and vimentin ( < 0.01, < 0.05) expression in BeWo and JAR cells. Twist-1 downregulation decreased protein levels of p-PI3K ( < 0.01) and p-AKT ( < 0.01, < 0.05) in BeWo and JAR cells.

Conclusions: Silencing Twist-1 inhibits the malignant behavior of CCA cells, which may play a part by inhibiting the EMT process and the PI3K/AKT pathway.