Prognosis after non-surgical therapy for acute type A aortic dissection.

Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.

Published: September 2024

Background: Immediate surgery to save life is the recommended treatment for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (AAAD).

Method: The present study comprised 35 patients admitted with AAAD who were considered inappropriate candidates for surgery or declined surgery. The mean age was 84.5 ± 9.6 years. Eight patients who were considered inappropriate candidates for surgery due to severe stroke in 2 patients or hemodynamic instability in 6. Twenty-seven patients aged 88.0 ± 5.9 years who declined surgery, predominantly due to advanced age.

Results: The overall in-hospital mortality was 51.4%. Mortality among patients that declined surgery or were considered inappropriate candidates for surgery were 37% and 100%, respectively. Causes of death among patients that declined surgery were cardiac tamponade in 6 and aortic rupture in 4. Mid-term survival among patients who refuse surgery, including in-hospital death, were 51.6 ± 10% and 34.5 ± 10%, on the other hand, Mid-term survival in hospital survivors were 81.9 ± 9% and 54.8 ± 14%. The causes of death among the discharged patients were senility in three, malignant tumor in two, pneumonia, aortic rupture, and unknown cause in one each.

Conclusions: Mortality from AAAD is 51.4%, including inappropriate candidates for surgery. When patients were evaluated as suitable candidates for surgical intervention but subsequently refused the surgical procedure, in-hospital mortality was 37%. Long-term survival of hospital survivor was acceptable. These data can be a benchmark for patient and patient's family to select medical therapy for AAAD in consideration with the patient's will.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11748-024-02009-xDOI Listing

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