Multi-criteria-based decision-making assessment for anaerobic digestion of ammonia-rich distillery wastewater: Effect of pyrochar and temperature.

Energy-efficient wastewater treatment units are imperative to achieve carbon neutrality and a circular economy at the industrial scale. In the present study, pyrochar loading and digestion temperature were tested to assess their impact on the performance of an anaerobic digester running on distillery wastewater. The digestion temperature (37 °C and 55 °C) and pyrochar loading (7.5 - 30 g/L.feed) were selected as two primary design factors. Experiments were designed using Taguchi's design of experiments and specific methane yield, total ammonia nitrogen, pH and buffering capacity were selected as experimental outputs for multi-criteria assessment. The results from the confirmation test indicated that the addition of pyrochar (7.5 g/L) improved the methane yield (276 ± 15 L/kg VS) significantly compared to the control (167 ± 15 L/kg VS) at 37 °C The detailed post-digestion analysis showed that the adsorption of ammonia on pyrochar may be the primary reason for enhanced digester performance.