Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by , results in approximately 1.6 million deaths annually. BCG is the only TB vaccine currently in use and offers only variable protection; however, the development of more effective vaccines is hindered by a lack of defined correlates of protection (CoP) against . Pulmonary vaccine delivery is a promising strategy since it may promote lung-resident immune memory that can respond rapidly to respiratory infection. In this study, CysVac2, a subunit protein previously shown to be protective against in mouse models, was combined with either Advax adjuvant or a mixture of alum plus MPLA and administered intratracheally into mice. Peripheral immune responses were tracked longitudinally, and lung-local immune responses were measured after challenge. Both readouts were then correlated with protection after infection. Although considered essential for the control of mycobacteria, induction of IFN-γ-expressing CD4 T cells in the blood or lungs did not correlate with protection. Instead, CD4 T cells in the lungs expressing IL-17A correlated with reduced bacterial burden. This study identified pulmonary IL-17A-expressing CD4 T cells as a CoP against and suggests that mucosal immune profiles should be explored for novel CoP.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10892942 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020128 | DOI Listing |
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