We show that energetic considerations enforce a Hopf fibration of the standard model topology within the 2HDM whose potential has either an SO(3) or U(1) Higgs-family symmetry. This can lead to monopole and vortex solutions. We find these solutions, characterize their basic properties and demonstrate the nature of the fibration along with the connection to Nambu's monopole solution. We point out that breaking of the U(1)_{EM} in the core of the defect can be a feature which leads to a nonzero photon mass there.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.061601 | DOI Listing |
J R Soc Interface
August 2024
Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
Circuit building blocks of gene regulatory networks (GRN) have been identified through the fibration symmetries of the underlying biological graph. Here, we analyse analytically six of these circuits that occur as functional and synchronous building blocks in these networks. Of these, the lock-on, toggle switch, Smolen oscillator, feed-forward fibre and Fibonacci fibre circuits occur in living organisms, notably ; the sixth, the repressilator, is a synthetic GRN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
February 2024
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
We show that energetic considerations enforce a Hopf fibration of the standard model topology within the 2HDM whose potential has either an SO(3) or U(1) Higgs-family symmetry. This can lead to monopole and vortex solutions. We find these solutions, characterize their basic properties and demonstrate the nature of the fibration along with the connection to Nambu's monopole solution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Imaging
March 2022
Institute for Information Transmission Problems, B. Karetnuj per., 19, 127051 Moscow, Russia.
The first part of the paper contains a short review of the image processing in early vision is static, when the eyes and the stimulus are stable, and in dynamics, when the eyes participate in fixation eye movements. In the second part, we give an interpretation of Donders' and Listing's law in terms of the Hopf fibration of the 3-sphere over the 2-sphere. In particular, it is shown that the configuration space of the eye ball (when the head is fixed) is the 2-dimensional hemisphere SL+, called Listing hemisphere, and saccades are described as geodesic segments of SL+ with respect to the standard round metric.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
November 2021
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Three-dimensional (3D) topological states resemble truly localised, particle-like objects in physical space. Among the richest such structures are 3D skyrmions and hopfions, that realise integer topological numbers in their configuration via homotopic mappings from real space to the hypersphere (sphere in 4D space) or the 2D sphere. They have received tremendous attention as exotic textures in particle physics, cosmology, superfluids, and many other systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2020
H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
We describe a theory of packing hyperboloid "diabolic" domains in bend-free textures of liquid crystals. The domains sew together continuously, providing a menagerie of bend-free textures akin to the packing of focal conic domains in smectic liquid crystals. We show how distinct domains may be related to each other by Lorentz transformations and that this process may lower the elastic energy of the system.
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