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Background: Advancements in machine learning (ML) have improved the accuracy of models that predict human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence. These models have used electronic medical records and registries. We aim to broaden the application of these tools by using deidentified public health datasets for notifiable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from a southern US county known for high HIV incidence. The goal is to assess the feasibility and accuracy of ML in predicting HIV incidence, which could inform and enhance public health interventions.
Methods: We analyzed 2 deidentified public health datasets from January 2010 to December 2021, focusing on notifiable STIs. Our process involved data processing and feature extraction, including sociodemographic factors, STI cases, and social vulnerability index (SVI) metrics. Various ML models were trained and evaluated for predicting HIV incidence using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score.
Results: We included 85 224 individuals; 2027 (2.37%) were newly diagnosed with HIV during the study period. The ML models demonstrated high performance in predicting HIV incidence among males and females. Influential features for males included age at STI diagnosis, previous STI information, provider type, and SVI. For females, predictive features included age, ethnicity, previous STI information, overall SVI, and race.
Conclusions: The high accuracy of our ML models in predicting HIV incidence highlights the potential of using public health datasets for public health interventions such as tailored HIV testing and prevention. While these findings are promising, further research is needed to translate these models into practical public health applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae100 | DOI Listing |
J Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Background: CD4+ T cells expressing α4β7 are optimal targets for HIV infections, with higher pre-HIV α4β7hi expression linked to increased HIV acquisition and progression in South African women. However, similar associations were not observed in men who have sex with men (MSM) or people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Americas, indicating need for further research.
Methods: This retrospective case-control study enrolled heterosexual men and women from South Africa (HIV Vaccine Trials Network; HVTN 503) and East Africa (Partners Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/Couples' Observational Study; PP/COS), quantifying α4β7 expression on CD4+ T cells as a predictor of subsequent HIV risk using flow cytometry analyses.
Healthc Technol Lett
December 2024
Upper limb disabilities, if not managed, controlled and treated, significantly affect the physical and mental condition, daily activities and quality of life. Registries can help control and manage and even treat these disabilities by collecting clinical-management data of upper limb disabilities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design, develop and evaluate a registry system for upper limb disabilities in terms of usability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJACC Adv
January 2025
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among people with HIV and a major global health challenge. Subclinical cardiovascular manifestations of TB are poorly documented in high TB and HIV burden countries.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of cardiovascular involvement in TB patients and investigate changes after completion of anti-TB treatment.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
August 2024
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
Background: The effect of initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) class on cancer risk in people with HIV (PWH) remains unclear.
Setting: Cohort study of 36,322 PWH enrolled (1996-2014) in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design.
Methods: We followed individuals from ART initiation (protease inhibitor [PI]-, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI]-, or integrase strand transfer inhibitor [INSTI]-based) until incident cancer, death, loss-to-follow-up, 12/31/2014, 85 months (intention-to-treat analyses [ITT]), or 30 months (per-protocol [PP] analyses).
Front Reprod Health
December 2024
Cell Biology Research Platform, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Objective: To assess sex, age, regional differences, and the changing trend in human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis (HIV-TB) in different regions from 1990 to 2021, and project future trends.
Methods: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data were analyzed to assess HIV-TB incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY rates from 1990 to 2021, including different types of TB co-infections (drug-susceptible, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant). Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used to forecast age-standardized DALY rates through 2035.
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