AI Article Synopsis
- Chromosomes are key components of genome structure, and butterflies and moths, which belong to the Lepidoptera group, typically have around 31 chromosomes, though some species show significant variation.
- A study of 210 Lepidopteran genomes identified that their chromosomes originated from 32 ancestral linkage groups known as Merian elements, which have remained stable for about 250 million years.
- While most lineages exhibit limited chromosome changes, eight lineages have experienced significant rearrangements through processes like fission and fusion, highlighting the nature of genome organization in Lepidoptera and its implications for broader eukaryotic evolution.
Article Abstract
Chromosomes are a central unit of genome organization. One-tenth of all described species on Earth are butterflies and moths, the Lepidoptera, which generally possess 31 chromosomes. However, some species display dramatic variation in chromosome number. Here we analyse 210 chromosomally complete lepidopteran genomes and show that the chromosomes of extant lepidopterans are derived from 32 ancestral linkage groups, which we term Merian elements. Merian elements have remained largely intact through 250 million years of evolution and diversification. Against this stable background, eight lineages have undergone extensive reorganization either through numerous fissions or a combination of fusion and fission events. Outside these lineages, fusions are rare and fissions are rarer still. Fusions often involve small, repeat-rich Merian elements and the sex-linked element. Our results reveal the constraints on genome architecture in Lepidoptera and provide a deeper understanding of chromosomal rearrangements in eukaryotic genome evolution.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11009112 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02329-4 | DOI Listing |
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