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Pulmonary Delivery of Antibiotics to the Lungs: Current State and Future Prospects.
Pharmaceutics
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current literature, clinical trials, and products approved for the delivery of antibiotics to the lungs. While there are many literature reports describing potential delivery systems, few of these have translated into marketed products. Key challenges remaining are the high doses required and, for powder formulations, the ability of the inhaler and powder combination to deliver the dose to the correct portion of the respiratory tract for maximum effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe molecular bacterial load assay predicts treatment responses in patients with pre-XDR/XDR-tuberculosis more accurately than GeneXpert Ultra MTB/Rif.
J Infect
December 2024
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany; Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
Objectives: Early detection of treatment failure is essential to improve the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). We evaluated the molecular bacterial load assay (MBLA) in comparison to standard diagnostic tests for monitoring therapy of patients affected by drug-resistant TB.
Methods: The performance of MBLA in tracking treatment response in a prospective cohort of patients with pulmonary MDR/RR- and pre-XDR/XDR-TB was compared with mycobacterial culture, mycobacterial DNA detection using GeneXpert (Xpert) and microscopy detection of sputum acid-fast-bacilli.
Effects of prophylactic nebulized antibiotics on the prevention of ICU-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
PeerJ
December 2024
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic nebulized antibiotics in preventing intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia through a meta-analysis.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the potential reduction in the incidence of ICU-acquired pneumonia through prophylactic nebulized antibiotics were collected by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to January 23, 2024. The primary endpoint was the incidence of ICU-acquired pneumonia, while the secondary endpoints included mortality, length of ICU stay, mechanical ventilation days, and nebulization-related side effects.
Artificial intelligence in tuberculosis: a new ally in disease control.
Breathe (Sheff)
October 2024
Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
The challenges to effective tuberculosis (TB) disease control are considerable, and the current global targets for reductions in disease burden seem unattainable. The combination of complex pathophysiology and technical limitations results in difficulties in achieving consistent, reliable diagnoses, and long treatment regimens imply serious physiological and socioeconomic consequences for patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare have significantly improved patient care regarding diagnostics, treatment and basic research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmikacin Liposomal Inhalation Suspension for Non-Tuberculous Lung Infection: A Greek Observational Study.
Medicina (Kaunas)
October 2024
Department of Mycobacterial Diseases, "Sotiria" Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Intravenous amikacin, recommended for severe or recurrent (MAC) infections and as initial treatment for lung disease, is often limited by serious adverse effects such as renal and auditory toxicities. Inhaled Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension (ALIS) enhances pulmonary drug deposition while minimizing systemic adverse effects, and it has recently been introduced as an add-on therapy for refractory MAC infections or when other standard treatments are inadequate. This study aims to retrospectively describe the outcomes of Greek patients with difficult-to-treat non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease following the addition of ALIS to guideline-based therapy.
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