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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11298097PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07067437241232901DOI Listing

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Article Synopsis
  • Substance use disorders among pregnant and postpartum individuals are increasing, highlighting the need for better education and intervention for healthcare providers.
  • The review covers the impact of various substances like nicotine, cannabis, and opioids on maternal and fetal health, along with treatment options.
  • It also discusses ethical and legal issues related to substance use during pregnancy, advocating for equitable, non-stigmatizing care practices.
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This narrative review explores the benefits and risks of cannabinoids in kidney health, particularly in individuals with pre-existing renal conditions. It discusses the roles of cannabinoid receptor ligands (phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids) in kidney physiology. The metabolism and excretion of these substances are also highlighted, with partial elimination occurring via the kidneys.

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Cannabinoids: Role in Neurological Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders.

Int J Mol Sci

December 2024

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.

An impact of legalization and decriminalization of marijuana is the gradual increase in the use of cannabis for recreational purposes, which poses a potential threat to society and healthcare systems worldwide. However, the discovery of receptor subtypes, endogenous endocannabinoids, and enzymes involved in synthesis and degradation, as well as pharmacological characterization of receptors, has led to exploration of the use of cannabis in multiple peripheral and central pathological conditions. The role of cannabis in the modulation of crucial events involving perturbed physiological functions and disease progression, including apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, perturbed mitochondrial function, and the impaired immune system, indicates medicinal values.

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Background: Wider availability of cannabis through medical and recreational legalization (MCL alone and RCL+MCL) has been hypothesized to contribute to reductions in opioid use, misuse, and related harms. We examined whether state adoption of cannabis laws was associated with changes in opioid outcomes overall and stratified by cannabis use.

Methods: Using National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data from 2015 to 2019, we estimated cannabis law associations with opioid (prescription opioid misuse and/or heroin use) misuse and use disorder.

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Using the PROMOTE Screener to Identify Psychosocial Risk Factors for Prenatal Substance Use.

J Addict Med

November 2024

From the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AA); Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (ML, HP); and Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (ML, CH, HP).

Introduction: There is an urgent need to improve the identification of psychosocial vulnerabilities in clinical practice (eg, stress, unstable living conditions) and examine their contribution to prenatal substance use, especially for legal substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and recently, cannabis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 1842 patients who completed the PROMOTE screening instrument during their first prenatal visit to outpatient clinics of a New York State health system in 6/2019-11/2020. The PROMOTE includes 18 core items to assess psychosocial vulnerabilities including the NIDA Quick Screen assessing past year substance use.

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