Distributions of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs in coastal sediments collected from major industrial bays in South Korea.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were assessed in coastal sediments from industrial bays in South Korea to evaluate the pollution levels and their environmental impact. The mean sediment concentrations of Σ PCDD/Fs, Σ PCBs, and Σ PCNs were 198 ± 140, 3427 ± 7037, and 85 ± 336 pg/g dw, respectively. Generally, pollutant concentrations in the inner bay were higher than those in the outer bay, indicating the influence of industrial emissions and harbor activities. The primary sources were identified as steel manufacturing and wastewater treatment plants for PCDD/Fs, harbor and shipbuilding activities for PCBs, and combustion-related sources for PCNs. Notably, PCDD/F concentrations exceeded sediment guideline values. The combined effects of PCDD/Fs and PCBs demonstrated adverse impacts on aquatic organisms. Hence, the release of toxic pollutants into the marine environment could have potential biological effects due to the combined impact of these various compounds.