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Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
The liver serves as a major energetic reservoir for other tissues and its metabolic function is controlled by humoral and neural factors. The vagus nerve innervating the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in regulating peripheral metabolism and energy expenditure. Although the liver receives vagus nerve fibers, the impact of this circuitry in the regulation of hepatic metabolism is still poorly understood.
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Anxiety is a complex and heterogeneous condition consisting of multiple component processes and neural underpinnings. Recent neural accounts for anxiety have expanded beyond the canonical anxiety and fear circuitry centered on the amygdala to a distributed network. A burgeoning form of clinical intervention with remarkable potential to directly engage the neural substrates of anxiety is non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), which is especially notable for the ability to modulate macro- and meso-scopic circuits and networks.
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