Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that impairs the cognitive function of individuals. Aerobic exercise stands out as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing cognitive function and promoting brain health.While positive impacts of aerobic exercise on executive function in adults with depression have been documented, a comprehensive understanding of its benefits on overall cognitive function, including memory, attention, and processing speed, along with key moderating factors in adults with MDD, remains unexplored. The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on overall cognitive function in adults with MDD, and to explore whether cognitive sub-domains, aerobic exercise characteristics, and study and sample variables modify the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition.
Methods: Six English electronic databases (Embase, Cochrane Central, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science) were searched from inception to 2 April 2023. Randomized trials, including adults aged 18 years or above with a diagnosis of clinical depression, of the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in adults with MDD compared to non-aerobic exercise groups were included. A three-level meta-analysis was conducted utilizing a random-effects model in R. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42022367350.
Results: Twelve randomized trials including 945 adults with MDD were included. Results indicated that aerobic exercise significantly improved overall cognitive function ( = 0.21; 95 % confidence intervals [CI] = 0.07, 0.34), and the sub-domains of memory ( = 0.25; 95 % CI = 0.06, 0.44) and executive function ( = 0.12; 95 % CI = 0.04, 0.20). Significant benefits in cognitive function were found from moderate-to-vigorous (mixed) intensity ( = 0.19; 95 % CI = 0.02, 0.37), aerobic exercise conducted 3 times per week ( = 0.23; 95 % CI = 0.10, 0.38), in sessions < 45 min ( = 0.59; 95 % CI = 0.28, 0.90), and 45-60 min ( = 0.16; 95 % CI = 0.07, 0.26), in aerobic exercise intervention ≤ 12 weeks ( = 0. 26; 95 % CI = 0.08, 0.44).
Limitations: This review only included peer-reviewed English-language studies, which may lead to a language bias. The results of the Egger's test suggested a potential publication bias.
Conclusions: Aerobic exercise is efficacious in improving overall cognitive function and the sub-domains of memory and executive function in adults with major depressive disorder.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100447 | DOI Listing |
J Biomech
January 2025
School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Hengren Rd. 200, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China. Electronic address:
This study aims to compare shank, rearfoot and forefoot coordination and its variability between runners with habitual rearfoot strike (RFS) and non-RFS (NRFS). 58 healthy males participated in this study (32 RFS, 26 NRFS). Coordination patterns and variability were assessed for the shank, rearfoot, and forefoot segments using a modified vector coding technique during running.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biomech
January 2025
Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Understanding intrinsic muscular adaptations more deeply can help clarify their relationships with sports performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if vastus lateralis muscle architecture, quality and stiffness can explain knee extensor maximal torque and countermovement and squat jump performance of athletes. One hundred and two athletes were evaluated based on the architecture, quality and stiffness of the vastus lateralis at rest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Appl Physiol
January 2025
Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
Purpose: This study investigated elite German athletes to (1) assess their serum 25(OH)D levels and the prevalence of insufficiency, (2) identify key factors influencing serum 25(OH)D levels, and (3) analyze the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and handgrip strength.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 474 athletes (231 female), aged 13-39 years (mean 19.3 years), from ten Olympic disciplines were included.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) often exhibit lower levels of physical fitness compared to the general population, including reduced strength, endurance, flexibility, and coordination. Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) training can potentially improve the performance of adults with ID caused by weak motor skills due to a lack of desirable nerve growth during childhood and before puberty. Also, DNS training proposed to improve physical fitness in this population, but the effectiveness and durability of DNS training on specific fitness components have not been well-established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Geriatr Med
January 2025
School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Purpose: As the global population of older adults rises, the United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-2030) advocates for disease prevention, management, and enhancing overall wellbeing in older adults. We reviewed the MEDLINE literature under the MeSH term "music therapy" (MT), for its role in promoting healthy ageing.
Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE biomedical database (Ovid) was conducted using "MT" and "Ageing" as keywords, retrieving relevant full-text studies in English.
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