Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Activities of via Pharmacological Inhibition of Integrin IIb3, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT Pathways and FeCl3-Induced Murine Thrombosis.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the major cause of mortality all around the globe. abbreviated as with the authority name of Dumont de Courset (G. Don) is a perennial flowering plant commonly grown in Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. We aimed to investigate the extract's antiplatelet and antithrombotic properties as GC-MS analysis indicated that the extract contained short-chain fatty acids, which have been reported to possess beneficial cardiovascular effects. was extracted using water, 50% EtOH, 70% EtOH, and 100% EtOH. For antiplatelet analysis, washed platelets were prepared and incubated with with 200 g/mL of 50% EtOH in the presence of 1 mM of CaCl for 1 minute followed by agonist (collagen 2.5 g/mL or ADP 10 M or thrombin 0.1 U/mL) stimulation for 5 minutes over light transmission aggregometer. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to assess platelet shape change. ATP release and intracellular calcium mobilization were quantified to assess the granular content. Fibrinogen-binding assay and clot retraction assay assessed integrin IIb3-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling. Protein phosphorylation expression was investigated by western blot analysis. Finally, the antithrombotic efficacy was investigated by oral dosage of 200 and 400 mg/kg and aspirin 100 mg/kg for 7 days, and tail bleeding and FeCl-induced murine thrombus model were performed. platelet aggregation and platelet shape change were dose-dependently suppressed by . Calcium mobilization, dense granules secretion, integrin IIb3-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling, and protein phosphorylation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways were significantly inhibited. assays revealed that prevents side effects of synthetic drugs via nonsignificantly increasing bleeding time and improving coronary artery blood flow and animal survival. Our results demonstrate that exhibited potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects and can be considered a potential herbal medicine with cardioprotective effects.