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Rapid modern industrialization and urbanization have escalated heavy metal pollution, with palladium (Pd) raising significant concerns due to its extensive usage in catalysis, hydrogen storage, and electronics, thereby imposing substantial risks on the environment and human health. In this study, we report a highly fluorescent indium nanocubes based chemosensor (InNCs) functionalized with perylene tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) and 4-(pyridyl)ethenyl benzene (PEB). The InNCs exhibited emission maximum at 415 nm (λ ∼ 350 nm) with robust chemical and photo-stability, and acted as a fluorogenic probe for selective recognition of Pd in aqueous medium. The fluorescence sensing properties of InNCs were thoroughly assessed via different techniques including steady-state absorption, emission and time-resolved emission spectroscopic methods. Among the various competitive analytes, only Pd could induce a significant fluorescence quenching in the probe. This "turn-off" fluorescence sensing demonstrated a remarkably low LoD of ∼65 nM. Notably, with the addition of EDTA, the probe displayed good recyclability upto 4 cycles. The sensory probe was successfully employed as a reusable platform to estimate Pd(II) in different real water and soil samples with considerable accuracy (∼ 5-10 % error). Moreover, the probe exhibited a pH-induced fluorescence transition, indicating its potential to be applied as a pH sensor. The Pd(II) binding and pH-sensing mechanisms have also been elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171043DOI Listing

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