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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following lumbar discectomy on patients with lateral lumbar disc herniation (LDH) compared to patients with paramedian LDH.

Background: Surgery for disc herniation is one of the most common procedures of the lumbar spine. LDHs can be divided into median, paramedian, foraminal and extraforaminal types based on the anatomical site of the lesion.

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We present a novel technique to approach far lateral lumbar pathologies using a bitubular, biportal endoscopic system and a paramedian approach. Background: Conventional approaches for lumbar far lateral discectomy range from open approaches to newer minimally invasive approaches such as tubular discectomy and single portal endoscopic discectomy. We present a case of a patient suffering with a left L3-4 and left L4-5 extraforaminal disc herniation who was treated successfully with a left sided bitubular, biportal endoscopic 2 level far lateral discectomy.

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Invited Commentary on Spinal Hematoma Following Fluoroscopic Placement of a Spinal Drain for Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: Advantages of Paramedian versus Midline Approach.

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth

August 2024

Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Division of Surgical Critical Care, Anesthesiology Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address:

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Introduction: The paraspinal approach was first introduced in 1968 and later refined by Leon Wiltse to gain access to the lateral interevertebral foraminal region. However, challenges can arise due to unfamiliarity with this approach, unique patient anatomy, or in case of revision surgery, potentially elevating the risk of complications and/or poor outcome.

Methods: Here we report on two cases in which the intraoperative Oarm CT neuronavigation was used during a Wiltse approach.

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Background: C-section is usually performed under spinal anesthesia also known as a subarachnoid block (SAB) over general anesthesia. Because of the lesser amount of dose used, there is a lower risk of local anesthetic toxicity and minimal transfer of drugs to the fetus. Obstetric patients have a higher risk of having post-dural puncture headache (PDPH).

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