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Natural, biphasic calcium phosphate from fish bones for enamel remineralization and dentin tubules occlusion. | LitMetric

Natural, biphasic calcium phosphate from fish bones for enamel remineralization and dentin tubules occlusion.

Dent Mater

Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy. Electronic address:

Published: April 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • A calcium phosphate extracted from fish bones (CaP-N) was tested for its ability to remineralize tooth enamel and block dentinal tubules.
  • The study involved detailed analysis of CaP-N's properties, comparing it to synthetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (CaP-S) and tap water as controls, focusing on changes in morphology, ion release, and their effects on demineralized enamel and dentin specimens.
  • Results showed that CaP-N not only effectively remineralized enamel similar to CaP-S but also performed better in occluding dentinal tubules, making it a promising environmentally friendly option for dental therapies.

Article Abstract

Objectives: A calcium phosphate extracted from fish bones (CaP-N) was evaluated for enamel remineralization and dentinal tubules occlusion.

Methods: CaP-N was characterized by assessing morphology by SEM, crystallinity by PXRD, and composition by ICP-OES. CaP-N morphology, crystallinity, ion release, and pH changes over time in neutral and acidic solutions were studied. CaP-N was then tested to assess remineralization and dentinal tubules occlusion on demineralized human enamel and dentin specimens (n = 6). Synthetic calcium phosphate in form of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (CaP-S) and tap water were positive and negative controls, respectively. After treatment (brush every 12 h for 5d and storage in Dulbecco's modified PBS), specimens' morphology and surface composition were assessed (by SEM-EDS), while the viscoelastic behavior was evaluated with microindentation and DMA.

Results: CaP-N consisted of rounded microparticles (200 nm - 1 µm) composed of 33 wt% hydroxyapatite and 67 wt% β-tricalcium phosphate. In acidic solution, CaP-N released calcium and phosphate ions thanks to the preferential β-tricalcium phosphate phase dissolution. Enamel remineralization was induced by CaP-N comparably to CaP-S, while CaP-N exhibited a superior dentinal tubule occlusion than CaP-S, forming mineral plugs and depositing new nanoparticles onto demineralized collagen. This behavior was attributed to its bigger particle size and increased solubility. DMA depth profiling and SEM showed an excellent interaction between the newly formed mineralized structures and the pristine tissue, particularly at the exposed collagen fibrils.

Significance: CaP-N demonstrated very good remineralizing and occlusive activity in vitro, comparable to CaP-S, thus could be a promising circular economy alternative therapeutic agent for dentistry.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.019DOI Listing

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