Laboratory Assessment of Molluscicidal Activities of , , and Against Snail Host of .

The potential molluscicidal extracts, obtained from indigenous plants , , and , were tested for toxicity against freshwater pulmonate snail , an intermediate host of . The organic extracts had a significant effect on young snails. All organic extracts and column-purified fractions gave median lethal concentrations (19-100.05 mg/L; 24 h) that fell well within the threshold level of 100 mg/L, set for a potential molluscicide by the World Health Organization. The toxicity of stem acetone extract (96 h LC: 16.08 mg/L) was more pronounced compared with leaf ethanol extract (96 h LC: 16.32 mg/L) and leaf ethanol extract (96 h LC: 24.78 mg/L). β-caryophyllene, gallic acid, and berberine were characterized and identified as active molluscicidal components. Co-migration of β-caryophyllene (retardation factor [R] 0.95), gallic acid ( 0.30), and berberine (R 0.23) with column-purified parts of , , and on thin-layer chromatography demonstrates same R value, that is, 0.95, 0.30, and 0.23, respectively. This study indicates that these extracts thus represent potential plant-derived molluscicides that are worthy of further investigations.