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Cathepsin-Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Cathepsins (Cats) are crucial proteases that help SARS-CoV-2 enter host cells, prompting researchers to create 21 specialized peptidomimetics to inhibit these enzymes.
  • The study focused on cathepsins L, B, and S, leading to the identification of several effective inhibitors, particularly highlighting specific compounds with low nanomolar IC values against CatL and CatS.
  • One compound showed significant antiviral effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 with an EC value of 38.4 nM in lung cells, presenting promising traits like high metabolic stability for future development.

Article Abstract

Cathepsins (Cats) are proteases that mediate the successful entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. We designed and synthesized a tailored series of 21 peptidomimetics and evaluated their inhibitory activity against human cathepsins L, B, and S. Structural diversity was realized by combinations of different C-terminal warhead functions and N-terminal capping groups, while a central Leu-Phe fragment was maintained. Several compounds were identified as promising cathepsin L and S inhibitors with values in the low nanomolar to subnanomolar range, for example, the peptide aldehydes and (, 2.67 nM, CatL; 0.455 nM, CatS; , 1.76 nM, CatL; 0.512 nM, CatS). The compounds' inhibitory activity against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M) was additionally investigated. Based on the results at CatL, CatS, and M, selected inhibitors were subjected to investigations of their antiviral activity in cell-based assays. In particular, the peptide nitrile exhibited promising antiviral activity with an EC value of 38.4 nM in Calu-3 cells without showing cytotoxicity. High metabolic stability and favorable pharmacokinetic properties make suitable for further preclinical development.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10863444PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.3c00313DOI Listing

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