Efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy in metastatic -mutated lung cancer: a single-center retrospective data.

Background: The effectiveness of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy in treating non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with mutations has not been sufficiently explored.

Methods: We compiled data from 306 NSCLC patients with identified mutations. We looked at efficacy by assessing the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), as well as survival through measuring progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results: Out of the patient pool, 44 were treated with a regimen of immune-chemotherapy. Patients undergoing ICI in combination with chemotherapy had a median PFS of 4 months, and the median OS was recorded at 29 months. There was a notable increase in OS in patients receiving first-line treatment versus subsequent lines (29 vs 9.75 months, p=0.01); however, this was not the case with PFS (9 vs 4 months, p=0.46). The ORR for patients on ICIs was 36.3%. PFS and OS rates did not significantly differ between patients with the -V600E mutation and those with non-V600E mutations (p=0.75 and p=0.97, respectively). Additionally, we found a significant variation in PD-L1 expression between those who responded to treatment and those who didn't (p=0.04).

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that chemo-immunotherapy as an initial treatment may lead to improved OS in patients with BRAF-mutated NSCLC when compared to its use in subsequent lines of therapy. Further studies are needed to validate these results and to delve deeper into how specific types of BRAF mutations and PD-L1 expression levels might predict a patient's response to treatments in NSCLC.