Synergistic Lewis and Brønsted Acid Sites Promote OH* Formation and Enhance Formate Selectivity: Towards High-efficiency Glycerol Valorization.

As a sustainable valorization route, electrochemical glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) involves in formation of key OH* and selective adsorption/cleavage of C-C(O) intermediates with multi-step electron transfer, thus suffering from high potential and poor formate selectivity for most non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts. So, it remains challenging to understand the structure-property relationship as well as construct synergistic sites to realize high-activity and high-selectivity GOR. Herein, we successfully achieve dual-high performance with low potentials and superior formate selectivity for GOR by forming synergistic Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in Ni-alloyed Co-based spinel. The optimized NiCo oxide solid-acid electrocatalyst exhibits low reaction potential (1.219 V@10 mA/cm) and high formate selectivity (94.0 %) toward GOR. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and pH-dependence measurements show that the Lewis acid centers could accelerate OH* production, while the Brønsted acid centers are proved to facilitate high-selectivity formation of formate. Theoretical calculations reveal that NiCo alloyed oxide shows appropriate d-band center, thus balancing adsorption/desorption of C-O intermediates. This study provides new insights into rationally designing solid-acid electrocatalysts for biomass electro-upcycling.