Unlike other metal fluorides, catalytic titanium tetrafluoride enhances the direct amidation of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids and -protected amino acids in refluxing toluene. While aromatic acids were converted to amides with 10 mol% of the catalyst within 24 h, aliphatic acids underwent a faster reaction (12 h), with lower catalyst loading (5 mol%). This protocol is equally efficient with alkyl and aryl amines providing a variety of carboxamides and peptides in 60-99% yields.
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