Ten new cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids, named hibisceusins I-R (-), along with 14 known sesquiterpenoids (-), were acquired from the tainted stems of . Their structures were identified via spectroscopic analysis, one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, and computer-assisted structure elucidation techniques, including infrared (IR) and mass spectrometry (MS) data. Additionally, subsequent DP4/DP4+ probability methods were used to resolve 's relative configurations by comparing their experimental values to the predicted NMR data. The absolute configurations of compounds - were measured through electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The ability of all isolates to inhibit the growth of five phytopathogenic fungi (, Kleb., , Schltdl., and HK-27) was evaluated. Aldehydated sesquiterpenoids (, -, , , and ) and a known sesquiterpenoid quinine () exhibited significant inhibitory activities against , , , and HK-27 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2.5-50 μg/mL, but all isolates remained inactive against . Moreover, the effects of the isolates on the mycelial morphology were watched through scanning electron microscopy. This study revealed that aldehydated cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids could be used as novel antifungal molecules to develop agrochemical fungicides in plant protection.
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