New users of anxiolytics and sedatives in Sweden-Drug type, doses, prescribers' characteristics, and psychiatric comorbidity in more than 750,000 patients.

Objectives: Anxiety and sleep disorders are common in the population and anxiolytics and sedatives are widely used. Our aim was to describe the drug utilization of new users of anxiolytics and sedatives in adults including type of drug, doses, prescribers' characteristics, and psychiatric comorbidity.

Methods: A register-based cohort study of new users (18-64 years) of anxiolytics and sedatives in 2015-2019, free of any such drug 5 years prior to inclusion. The individuals were linked to national registers on dispensed drugs and recorded diagnoses.

Results: In total, 764,432 new users of anxiolytics and sedatives were identified, which corresponds to an incidence of 26/1000 inhabitants and year. The proportion of new users of benzodiazepines (including both anxiolytics and sedatives) decreased, whereas the proportion of sedative antihistamines and melatonin increased. The most common drug dispensed was hydroxizin (33%) followed by benzodiazepine related drugs (zopiclone and zolpidem; 20%), propiomazine (14%) and benzodiazepines (13%). The majority (68%) of the prescriptions were from primary care. Most new users were prescribed 1-30DDDs and 52% among women and 49% among men were dispensed their drug only once during the first year. Half of the new users had a previous comorbid psychiatric disorder.

Conclusions: The findings are well reflecting the recommendations in national guidelines.